Hammertoes are a painful and often visually distressing foot deformity that most commonly affects the second, third, or fourth toes. This condition frequently arises from issues in foot mechanics, such as an individual’s gait or walking pattern, or from wearing ill-fitting shoes that do not accommodate the deformity. The continual pressure and constriction from improperly sized or overly narrow shoes, especially those with high heels, can force the toes into a bent position, causing the muscles to contract and the toes to become misshapen, ultimately leading to hammertoes.

Additionally, hammertoes can develop due to underlying factors like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, foot trauma, hereditary predisposition, or the aftermath of a cerebral vascular accident. Recognizable symptoms of hammertoes include toe pain, difficulty with toe mobility, visible deformities, and the formation of calluses and corns.

Individuals who suspect they have hammertoes or are experiencing its symptoms should seek consultation with a physician, particularly a podiatrist. Podiatrists are experts in diagnosing and treating foot and ankle conditions, including hammertoes. If the podiatrist determines that the affected toes still exhibit flexibility, the treatment approach may involve exercises, physical therapy, and the use of properly fitting footwear. Typically, managing hammertoes involves addressing foot mechanics through the use of custom orthotics.

In more severe cases where the toes have become rigid and inflexible, surgical intervention may be recommended. During the procedure, an incision is made to alleviate pressure on the tendons, and the tendons may be realigned by removing small bone fragments to straighten the affected toes. In some instances, the placement of pins is necessary to maintain proper alignment during the healing process. Most patients can return home on the same day as the surgery.

Following surgery for hammertoes, adhering to the postoperative instructions provided by your doctor is crucial. These instructions may include specific stretches, toe exercises, or towel-crumpling exercises to aid in recovery. It is advisable to wear shoes with low heels and ample toe room for comfort, avoiding closed shoes and high heels. Laced shoes offer the advantage of adjustability and comfort. Selecting shoes with at least half an inch of space between the longest toe and the inside of the shoe helps relieve toe pressure and prevent future hammertoe development. Additionally, consider shopping for new shoes in the middle of the day when your feet are slightly larger due to natural swelling.

For added comfort, inquire if the shoe store can stretch out the shoes at potential pressure points. Proper footwear and regular foot care are fundamental steps in managing hammertoes and ensuring optimal foot health.